Russia’s budget for 2025: war above all | OSW Centre for Eastern …
Nov 22, 2024 · In 2025, war-related spending will increase significantly. The largest rise in expenditure is planned in the “national defence” section, reaching 13.2 trillion roubles (approximately $132 billion), compared to 10.8 trillion roubles allocated for this purpose in the 2024 budget (a 22.2% increase).This sum is also more than 55% higher than the planned spending on this category in 2023.
The Gordian knot of mobilisation: Ukraine balancing the needs of …
Nov 20, 2024 · The increasing number of men who have been granted deferment from military service in recent months and the problems in the implementation of mobilisation plans have urged the Ukrainian authorities to carry out an audit of companies deemed strategically important for national defence. The decision to revise the list of these companies is aimed at reducing the scale of abuse of employee ...
A window with a view of membership: Ukraine’s and Moldova’s …
Nov 29, 2024 · On 30 October, the European Commission published its annual enlargement reports containing a detailed assessment of the state of play and the progress made by the countries seeking to join the European Union, including Ukraine and Moldova. The documents are divided into thematic sections corresponding to six clusters encompassing a …
Acceptance regardless of the costs: China’s stance on the …
Dec 3, 2024 · The increasingly intensive cooperation between Russia and North Korea since September 2023 poses a significant threat to the US-led security system in East Asia. By fostering this partnership, Moscow is creating a new axis of international tension intended to increase the costs for the West of supporting Kyiv following Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine. Pyongyang, for its part, is driven ...
From boom to bubble | OSW Centre for Eastern Studies
Nov 13, 2024 · The real estate boom has been the cornerstone of the ‘economic miracle’ that in recent decades has elevated China to the world’s second-largest economy and turned its metropolises into symbols of China’s development, global power and aspirations. Today, China boasts 5,000 years of history, yet few buildings in the country are more than 50 years old.
The Kurds in Turkey – waiting for a turning point
Nov 27, 2024 · The Kurdish question – a term used to define the conflicting aspirations of the Turkish government and a segment of the country’s population – affects all aspects of the state’s operation. It remains inextricably linked to the country’s security, since Turkey has been entangled for more than four decades in an armed conflict with the …
OS W REPOR T 10/2024 5 MAIN POINTS • Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 is not an escalation of a local conflict over limited territory. It is an armed aggression aimed at subjugating or destroying an important European state, and simultane-
Winning the war with Russia (is still possible)
Oct 28, 2024 · Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine aims to subjugate or destroy Ukraine, overturn the current political and security order in Europe, and fundamentally revise the global order. The conflict is systemic in nature and will continue as long as the dictatorial Putin regime operates in Moscow. Although Russia has not achieved its strategic goals, it is not giving up on its aggressive plans.
The collective economy is ineffective | OSW Centre for Eastern …
Nov 7, 2024 · When compared to other sectors of the Belarusian economy, agriculture is most affected by the country’s Soviet heritage. Since Belarus regained independence, large state-owned farms operating on the basis of the former sovkhozes and kolkhozes have invariably dominated the agricultural sector. Belarus’s agricultural model has effectively been petrified by numerous legal restrictions ...
An ambiguous alliance: Putin visits Kazakhstan
Dec 4, 2024 · On 27–28 November, Vladimir Putin paid a state visit to Kazakhstan. He was accompanied by several officials, including deputy prime ministers, ministers of foreign affairs and energy, as well as the CEOs of Gazprom and Rosatom. In a joint statement, Putin and Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev emphasised the durability of their countries’ allied relations, the absence of contentious ...