The challenges arise from negligent and unfair practices on the part of Djiboutian authorities, as well as a lack of integration and coordination between international shipping companies, the ...

Chad has been a key ally for France in its fight against Islamist militants, serving as its last foothold in the Sahel region. French troops are now only present in Djibouti and Gabon.

The French remain only in Djibouti, with 1,500 soldiers, and Gabon, with 350 troops. Analysts have described the developments as part of the wider structural transformation in the region’s engagement ...