Philip Ball looks at how a little-known paper by Niels Bohr demonstrates the turmoil in physics on the brink of quantum ...

Their innovative ‘matrix mechanics’ was set out in a long paper 4, commonly known as the Dreimännerarbeit (the three-man paper) submitted by Born, Heisenberg and Jordan in November 1925.

In Bohr’s 1913 papers he envisaged atoms along the lines established by his mentor Ernest Rutherford: dense nuclei orbited by electrons. Bohr’s idea was that the energies and frequencies of the ...

At first, it was unclear whether Heisenberg’s matrix mechanics and Schrödinger’s wave mechanics were simply different expressions of the same quantum mechanical theory. Max Born and Paul Dirac quickly ...

This review traces the historical development of the concept, starting from the Heisenberg uncertainty ... of the generalized Dirac adjoint matrix, which plays a critical role in defining the ...

Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Elementary ideas of quantum mechanics, quantum mechanics ... and evaluation of inverse of a square matrix using determinants and Test of consistency and solution ...

Quantum physics underlies technologies from the laser to the smartphone. The International Year of Quantum marks a century of scientific developments.

A dialogue between Giuseppe Mussardo and Chiara Sabelli about the history of quantum mechanics, retracing the fundamental milestones, key figures, and most significant moments of one of the greatest ...

Masquerading as a studious physics graduate, the hulking Harlem-born Jew listened attentively to the keynote speaker, the Nobel-prize winning German physicist Werner Heisenberg. His instructions were ...

Role-playing games are a blast to play through, letting players interact with a wealth of complex systems to make a playthrough as rewarding as possible. These RPGs can be in the form of tactical ...

For over a century, quantum mechanics and Einstein’s general relativity have stood as the cornerstones of modern physics, yet ...