Evolutionary biologists and animal behaviorists have sought to identify the mechanisms that can explain what some have called the “problem of altruism.” Natural selection operates against ...

Stanford Effective Altruism, Stanford Student Pre-Veterinary Committee and Stanford Animal Service Project talk about the ...

Reciprocal altruism occurs where the roles of the donor and recipient are later reversed. This often occurs in social animals. For example, vampire bats feed only on blood. An individual cannot ...