Relying on remote data, including photographs taken after the flight, the investigators believe that “navigation errors created high horizontal velocities at touchdown,” which most likely resulted in Ingenuity experiencing a “hard impact on the sand ripple’s slope,” causing it to pitch and roll.

"When running an accident investigation from 100 million miles away, you don't have any black boxes!" NASA's Håvard Grip said.

Imagine how much more difficult it would be to diagnose a helicopter accident that took place 69 million miles away with none of the usual data present to help. NASA had to do just that after its Ingenuity Mars Helicopter suffered an accident on Jan.

Ingenuity rode to Mars attached to the Perseverance rover's belly. Unlike the rover, which was built from expensive custom hardware designed to withstand the rigors of space exploration, Ingenuity was built from off-the-shelf components like a Snapdragon 801 smartphone processor.